tiffanybangle4

If implemented well, prosecution-oriented models have the potential to deter traffickers by setting forth requirements, for example, to pass laws "dissuasive" to traffickers. To date, however, even supposedly dissuasive laws have not been implemented and applied in such a way as to actually dissuade traffickers.102

Furthermore, if it were established that prosecution-oriented models increased the likelihood of prosecution of traffickers, these models could be considered advantageous. At present, however, the only certainty is that victims of traffickers who tiffany jewellery not agree to cooperate with prosecutors are not offered protection.103 In essence, they are re-victimized by the government in their country of destination. Good prosecution-oriented anti-trafficking models could begin to provide a deterrent effect; at present, however, with trafficking on the rise, it does not appear that any laws yet serve as a deterrent.

Where restriction of migration or combating organized crime is the primary policy concern, states will tiffany uk on sale focus on law enforcement, and they may accordingly limit their protective responsibilities. They will not focus on extending immigration protections to trafficked persons, because the emphasis is on the state's sovereign gatekeeping role. They even forgo extending non-immigration related protections unless the trafficked person agrees to testify or assist with prosecution.

A prosecution-oriented approach that fails to place any tiffany and co on protection may contravene existing international law.104 Prosecution models may also simply be ineffective in the face of the multitudinous pitfalls to successful prosecution in countries where trafficking is most prolific: corrupt or inefficient police and border guards; lark of an administrative structure to support the complex task of investigating, arresting, prosecuting, and convicting traffickers; lack of communication between various agencies involved; failures or ineptitude within the judicial process; the preference of police to go for the easier arrest of the victim rather than of the trafficker; the preference of the prosecutors to go for the easier charges of "prostitution," illegal immigration, unauthorized labor, or fraudulent documents (charging the victim), rather than to prosecute for the trafficking; the difficulty of reaching across borders to find the perpetrators (particularly between unfriendly neighboring nations); and the reluctance or inability of national police to cooperate internationally to effectively attack organized crime.105 Prosecution models barely begin to address any of these less legal and more tiffany & co jewellery administrative hurdles to prosecution.Convictions are difficult to come by even in the best of circumstances. The list of hurdles is seemingly endless,100 and the number of prosecutions, as compared to the reported numbers of trafficked persons, is infinitesimal.

While most countries currently have some legislation on the books that could be used to prosecute traffickers, typically having to do with illegally procuring persons for prostitution, these laws have had little impact on restricting traffickers or protecting trafficked persons, and are rarely, if ever, enforced. Bosnia, for instance, has successfully prosecuted only eleven traffickers to date, with the traffickers sentenced to between only one and three years, and the tiffany & co on sale of over 190 victim-witnesses was necessary to secure even these short sentences.108 In Moldova, only fifteen cases were brought against traffickers as of 2002, and all were amnestied.109 In 2002, forty-two cases were initiated in Moldova, eight of which were brought to court, while nineteen are still pending, two were suspended, and thirteen dismissed.110 Until 2003, in Serbia only one person had been charged,111 but as of 2003, 104 persons had been charged with trafficking related offenses, although all cases are still pending.112